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AMIRALI BANANI
SCIENTIFIC WORK & RESEARCH
PUBLISHED SCIENCE EBOOKS
From what we know, the human eye is anything but simple. Though it may look like nothing more than merely a white sphere with a central coloured ring at its anterior that encircles a small dark opening, that is just the tip of the iceberg. Within this hollow, 6-cubic-centimetre globe is over two million interacting parts that work to ensure light is gathered and processed into visual information as smoothly as possible. Its enormous complexity relative to its small size is the reason that the eye is considered the second most complex organ in the human body after the brain. This gorgeous, highly resilient organ can adjust accordingly to changing conditions and environments within a matter of milliseconds. The human eye is incredibly productive, working nonstop to manipulate the laws of physics by altering the trajectories and angles of incoming electromagnetic radiation, initiating biochemical pathways in our retinae to form visual details that biologically make sense. The fact that light entering our eyes from all different directions and distances is focused and projected onto our retinae as a clear, 2D image, and then information from that 2D image is used in our brain to construct 3D images that allow us to perceive the world in three dimensions is truly a work of genius by nature. Even the muscles that surround the bulb of the eye and regulate its movements are the swiftest and most powerful muscles in the human body relative to their function. Just like how the eye is the window to the outside world, this book is a window into the anatomical structures that form this biological powerhouse of energy-converting cells that help us discern vision.
Many research studies have demonstrated that DNA hypermethylation is linked to the development of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) by the transcriptional silencing of important tumor suppressor genes known as Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). The results of these studies led me to ask the question, “could hypomethylating agents be used to demethylate the hypermethylated H3K4me1 marks of VHL tumor suppressor genes to reactivate the transcriptional activity of these genes?”. This is the question that this entire proposal is based on. Following a guided approach that involves testing methods such as MeDIP, RT-qPCR, and Western Blotting to uncover the precise molecular mechanisms by which hypomethylating agents reactivate VHL genes, this mock NIH Grant Proposal essentially serves as a template for potential areas of research into this topic and approaches that can be taken to determine the efficacy of hypomethylating agents in suppressing the further development and progression of ccRCC. If successful, this epigenetic-based therapeutic technique could potentially be the first plausible cure for advanced stages of the malignancy.
Have you ever paused to ponder what accounts for the immense biological diversity that can be seen on Earth? Or have you ever wondered why certain organisms survive and pass on their genes to the next generation while others do not? These questions can be addressed by Evolution, a seemingly subtle yet powerful natural phenomenon that has affected nearly every species that has ever existed throughout the evolutionary history of Earth and is constantly at play in all the ecosystems of the planet. Evolution is not a single force, but rather an agglomeration of forces — most prominently genetic mutations, Natural Selection, and Artificial Selection — that altogether drive change in species. Each of these forces are essentially based on the science behind the inheritance of genes and how the genotypes of an organism determine its phenotypic characteristics. Throughout the evolutionary history of Earth, Natural Selection has directly influenced the differential survival and reproduction of organisms as a result of changes in DNA due to mutations, favouring particular traits over other ones which has resulted in the survival of certain species and the death of others. While most of Evolution is and has been influenced by natural forces, the development of Gene Editing and Genetic Engineering techniques (such as CRISPR) by humans is granting us the power to artificially influence the evolution of species. Through Artificial Selection, we can modify or create new genes to increase the frequency of desirable traits in organisms to suit our necessities — or possibly even solve the current extinction crisis. Whether you are keen to learn more about the mechanisms behind genetic mutations or the processes underlying Natural and Artificial Selection, or if you are simply seeking to expand your knowledge on Evolution, this book has it all covered!
Protein are truly wonderful biological molecules that construct nearly every cellular component of every cell of every living organism that exists on Planet Earth. They are the ultimate products of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology and are synthesized as a result of the complex processes of Transcription and Translation. Proteins come in a variety of shapes and sizes which enables them to perform a plethora of functions in the bodies of organisms, from sending chemical signals between cells to catalyzing chemical reactions. This variety in structure and function ultimately stems from the fundamental sequence and arrangement of amino acids, the monomers of proteins. Although DNA — the vital molecule that serves as the basis for most life on Earth — is required to manufacture protein in cells, protein itself actually came before DNA in the evolutionary timeline of life on Earth. Consequently, DNA, and therefore life, can not exist without protein. This book explores the fascinating world of proteins, including how they are synthesized, their structural levels, and the different functions that they perform to keep organisms functioning optimally.
Our world is facing an energy crisis like no other as the global population continues to grow at an unprecedented rate and nonrenewable energy production is becoming more and more unsustainable. Consequently, the need to generate clean, sustainable, renewable energy is more crucial than ever before — something that can be achieved with the development of commercially and economically viable nuclear fusion power plants. This is exactly the reason why the company General Fusion was built — to allow the implementation of electricity generation using fusion energy on an industrial scale. This book dives into the unique method that General Fusion is developing to showcase and advance its technology, the company's ultimate vision, its process of electricity generation, and much more! As a potential candidate for revolutionizing the global energy industry, General Fusion is definitely worth learning about (especially for those who are willing to acquire some insight into how an artificial sun can be built here on Earth).
Have you ever wondered what makes drugs so special? Or have you ever pondered upon the incredible number of lives that medications have saved in just the last century? The wonders of chemistry and biology have allowed pharmacologists to develop treatments against some of the most deadly forms of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections, from the discovery of penicillin (the first antibiotic) by Alexander Fleming in 1928 to treat streptococcal meningitis to the rapid development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 to end the COVID-19 Pandemic, the world of pharmacology has rapidly developed in the last 100 years or so. This book serves as a beginner's guide to pharmacology, including how drugs are classified and named, how our bodies affect drugs once when we consume them, and how drugs affect us once ingested.
There are some truly innovative therapeutic techniques in the works that can transform the future of medicine, and one of them is anti-VEGF. This anti-angiogenic therapy can cure a variety of cancers and retinal diseases that were previously incurable using biomolecules that can suppress VEGF signaling pathways, thereby preventing metastasis in cancers and irreversible blindness in retinal diseases. Since the advent of the 21st century, several anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody treatments — such as Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, and Aflibercept — and another form of treatment known as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors — such as Sunitinib, Sorafenib and Pazopanib — have been developed and distributed, however further research and experimenting is required to enhance the efficacy of these treatments. This informative medical handbook first explains the role that VEGF plays in cancer proliferation and retinal disease progression before explaining the common anti-VEGF treatments as well as their mechanisms of action on the molecular level using comprehendible explanations and diagrams that anyone — whether a student wishing to learn more about new medical innovations, an aspiring medical scientist, or a qualified doctor — can understand. The handbook is also intended to provide a comprehensive reference for medical researchers wishing to write medical papers on the topic of anti-VEGF treatments, and is therefore highly recommended for such individuals.
The universe is full of imperceptible natural wonders that can't be explained with only a few physical formulas or laws, and dark energy is no exception. This book provides an insight into this powerful, invisible force that is forcing the cosmos to expand at an ever increasing rate — including its discovery, what we know about it, its influence on the universe, the theoretical particles it may be composed of, mathematical equations that may explain the force, and more. Whether you are an aspiring astrophysicist, an astronomy geek who is seeking to learn more about the universe, or are just looking to travel to the cosmos through a book, then Dark Energy 101 is perfect for you!
DOWNLOADABLE SCIENCE INFOGRAPHICS & DIAGRAMS
SCIENCE VIDEOS/ANIMATIONS
How The COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Works
The 4 Steps to Endotracheal Intubation Demonstrated and Explained in 20 Seconds
The Blood Typing Process Demonstrated
and Explained in 5 Steps
1-minute COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Summary Animation
Past and Future of the Universe Through the Lens of Dark Energy
SCIENTIFIC PRESENTATIONS
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